Ecosystem respiration is a fundamental process in ecology that refers to the release of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere by all living organisms within an ecosystem. This includes plants, animals, and microorganisms breaking down organic matter and releasing CO2 as a byproduct of cellular respiration. Ecosystem respiration plays a key role in the global carbon cycle and is a critical component of the Earth's carbon budget. Researchers study ecosystem respiration to better understand the factors influencing carbon exchange between ecosystems and the atmosphere, including how it is affected by environmental factors such as temperature, moisture, and nutrient availability. This research is important for predicting how ecosystems might respond to climate change and human activities that influence carbon fluxes.